plumber Kingston About water supply and sanitation
Water supply and sanitation has been a primary logistical challenge since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources or infrastructure or sanitation systems are insufficient for the population, people fall prey to disease, dehydration, and in extreme cases, death.
Major human settlements could initially develop only where fresh surface water was plentiful, such as near major rivers. Over the millennia, technology has dramatically increased the distances across which water can be relocated, but the availability of clean and fresh water remains a limiting factor on the size and density of population centers, and is expected to remain so into the foreseeable future.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation
Comprehensive plumbing services performed in a flooded bathroom
It happens that the household after returning home to find that the bathroom is flooded. In some cases, you can quickly determine the cause of flooding in others but plumbers have to decide to carry out specific work to determine on where the bathroom is leaking water. This will avoid further damage and execution of comprehensive services plumbing. Before plumbers will join the repair work will make them a decent valuation, and sometimes they will have to also prepare for his client the cost estimate, which will allow him to determine whether he will be able to pay for work performed in your bathroom plumbing. Sometimes, however, their performance will simply be necessary regardless of the cost.
Water systems - materials
Water systems of ancient times relied on gravity for the supply of water, using pipes or channels usually made of clay, lead, bamboo, wood, or stone. Hollowed wooden logs wrapped in steel banding were used for plumbing pipes, particularly water mains. Logs were used for water distribution in England close to 500 years ago. US cities began using hollowed logs in the late 1700s through the 1800s.8 Today, most plumbing supply pipe is made out of steel, copper, and plastic; most waste (also known as "soil")11 out of steel, copper, plastic, and cast iron.11
The straight sections of plumbing systems are called "pipes" or "tubes". A pipe is typically formed via casting or welding, whereas a tube is made through extrusion. Pipe normally has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, while tubing is thinner-walled and requires special joining techniques such as brazing, compression fitting, crimping, or for plastics, solvent welding. These joining techniques are discussed in more detail in the piping and plumbing fittings article.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing#Materials